Christ in the wilderness (desert)
Year mention: 1649
Subject:
Christ in the wilderness (desert)
Conflict:
Agent:
Pacheco, Francisco
Jeronimo Nadal, Christ in the Desert (wilderness), plate 12 from Evangelicae and Adnotationes (1593), which engravings illustrate the Biblia Natalis
Internet archive (original from Getty Research Institute)

Pacheco states in this passage how should be depicted the scene and its characters of “Christ in the wilderness (desert)”. The author mentions also the image made by Jeronimo Nadal, Pablo de Cspedes, and his own artwork as good models to be followed.

“We will continue in the painting of this story, as in the past, to Fr. Jerónimo Nadal: Christ is sitting at the mouth of a cave of large rocks, with his tunic and mantle, some animals accompany him, the Devil appears in the figure of an old hermit, showing him the stones on the ground, although, as Molano says, it seems more likely the ones he had in his hands because, it is likely that he put them in front of him so that he would turn them into bread. This tempter, according to St. Augustine, was Lucifer, and he took on the body and form of a religious man at the time of the three temptations, so that he could better speak with Christ and take him from one place to another and, thus, they were visible, as, without the gloss, the Demon is accompanied by a skunk and a hedgehog in the print; and, by far, it seems like the first story of the baptism (as has been said): angels are kneeling in heaven and demons surround the cave, and one and the other waiting for the end of this battle. […] Then the adversary would say among himself, according to St. Chrysostom: ‘This man seems holy and such, if they are not overcome by gluttony, many times are by vainglory’. And, taking him in their hands, thus some declare the asumprit eum, and thus Nadal drew him, took him to the holy city of Jerusalem […] Pablo de Céspedes bravely painted this story in the refectory of the Professed House of this City, because it is very typical of that place, and I, in that of San Clemente el Real, the year 1616, of which I will describe my disposition, in case it is offered to execute it […]”.

“Seguiremos en la pintura de esta historia, como en la pasada, al P. Gerónimo Nadal: Cristo está sentado a la boca de una cueva de grandes peñascos, con su túnica y manto, acompáñanle algunos animales, el Demonio aparece en figura de ermitaño anciano, mostrándole las piedras del suelo, si bien, como dice Molano, parece más probable las que tenía en las manos porque, es verisimil que se las puso delante para que las convirtiese en pan. Este tentador, según San Agustin, fue Lucifer, y tomó cuerpo y forma de varón religioso por el tiempo de las tres tentaciones, para que pudiese mejor hablar con Cristo y llevarlo de un lugar a otro y, así, fueron en forma visible, como siente la glosa, Acompaña al Demonio una zorrilla y un erizo en la estampa; y, por lexos, parece la historia primera del baptismo (como se ha dicho): ángeles están arrodillados en el cielo y demonios cercan la cueva, y unos y otros esperando fin desta batalla. […] Entonces el adversario diria entre si, según San Crisóstomo: ‘este hombre santo parece y los tales, si no son vencidos de la gula, munchas veces lo son de la vanagloria’. Y, tomándolo en sus manos, así declaran algunos el asumprit eum, y así lo debuxó Nadal, llevólo a la santa ciudad de Jerusalén. […] Pinto Pablo de Céspedes, con valentía, esta historia en el refitorio de la Casa Profesa desta Ciudad, por ser muy propria de aquel lugar, y yo, en el de San Clemente el Real, año 1616 de la cual describiré la disposición mía, por si se ofreciere executarla […]”.

Quoted Authorities

Molanus,Book. 2, XIX, 64 Landulfo de Sajonia el Cartujano, Vita Christi: Primera Parte (1630), 22, 146r, 148r-148v,

Model to follow

Jeronimo Nadal, plate 12, Evangelicae Historiae Imagines (1593), fig. 67
Pablo de Céspede, Christ served by angels (17th century), not conserved
Francisco Pacheco, Christ served by angels, 1616, private collection

Keywords
adult, Christ, desert, devil, forty, New Testament, temptation, wilderness

Date mention
1649

Historical Location
Antwerp

Iconclass Number
73C21(+4)

Source
Pacheco, El Arte de la pintura (1649), book 3, ch.13, 634-635, 639
Literature

Pacheco 1990, 639, n.16

Permanent Link
https://www.sacrima.eu/case/christ-in-the-wilderness-desert/